Does the ambient temperature of the laboratory matter?
Actually, ambient temperature doesn't play a significant role in the ability to detect a thermometric endpoint. Thermometric endpoints are detected by the rate of change of temperature and not by the actual temperature of the solution. When all of the analyte in a sample is reacted with titrant, we can expect a sudden change in the rate of temperature increase or decrease, depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. The only effect that ambient temperature changes can be expected to have is in the absolute accuracy of the titration, and this has nothing to do whether the method of endpoint detection is thermometric, potentiometric or whatever. Volumetric expansion and contraction of fluids can be expected with changes in temperature, and this will have an effect on the accuracy of the titration, if calibration of the method has taken place under a different ambient temperature regime.
Our samples are hot when they're brought into the laboratory. Will that have an effect on the thermometric method?
Because your pipettes and other volumetric equipment have been calibrated at say 25 deg. C, you'll want to bring you sample close to that temperature before you take an aliquot. It is possible to carry out thermometric titrations at elevated temperatures, but care must be taken that rates heat loss to the environment aren't similar to rates of temperature change in the titration vessel. If doing the thermometric determination at a high temperature is really necessary, use of a highly insulated vessel may be mandatory.
Is thermometric is better than potentiometric?
1. For every different type of potentiometric titration, you need a different probe: for acid base titrations a pH probe is used; for redox titrations, a redox probe. For chloride titrations, a chloride ISE or a silver billet electrode is necessary; for EDTA titrations, a special ISE selective for the element in question. The list goes on and on. Hopelessly complicated, isn't it? With thermometric titrimetry, the one simple thermistor probe does it all.
2. Potentiometric titrimetry is based on the ability of an electric current to pass through the titrating sample to register a measurable potential difference. This precludes titration in non-conducting environments, for instance, many non-aqueous solvents. Probes such as pH electrodes perform very poorly under such circumstances.
In contrast, thermometric titrimetry requires only a change in the rate of the temperature, and it doesn't matter if this is in an aqueous or non-aqueous solution. This broadens the number of applications to which thermometric titrimetry may be put, and gives creative analysts a versatile tool for the solution of many problems.
3. Many potentiometric probes have a very limited life span as their sensing membranes may lose their ability to respond after continuous exposure to corrosive or fouling solutions. Further, they require reference electrodes, whose conductive reference junctions are particularly vulnerable to fouling. In contrast, thermometric probes have a very much longer life. In case of build up of gelatinous precipitates, the probe may be simply cleaned with a toothbrush.
4. Thermometric probes don't require regular calibration. In fact they don't require calibration at all, since only the rate of temperature change is important and not the absolute temperature of the solution. However, thermometric probes are calibrated before they leave the factory, so that an acceptable indication of solution temperature (+/-0.1 deg. C) is given to the observer. |